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The Ahmadiyya Caliphate is a non-political caliphate established on May 27, 1908 following the death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, who claimed to be the promised Messiah and Mahdi, the expected redeemer awaited by Muslims. It is believed by Ahmadis to be the re-establishment of the ''Rashidun'' Caliphate that commenced following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The caliphs are entitled ''Khalīfatul Masīh'' ((アラビア語:خليفة المسيح); (英語:Successor of the Messiah)), sometimes simply referred to as ''Khalifa'' (or Caliph). The caliph is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian. He is believed by the Community to be divinely ordained and is also referred to by its members as ''Amir al-Mu'minin'' (Leader of the Faithful). The 5th and current caliph is Mirza Masroor Ahmad. After the death of Ghulam Ahmad, his successors directed the Ahmadiyya Community from Qadian, India which remained the headquarters of the community until 1947 with the creation of Pakistan. From this time on the headquarters remained in Rabwah, a town built on land bought in Pakistan by the community in 1948. In 1984, Ordinance XX was promulgated by the government of Pakistan which rendered the caliph unable to perform his duties and put the very institution in jeopardy. Due to these circumstances, Caliph IV left Pakistan and migrated to London, England, provisionally moving the headquarters to the Fazl Mosque.〔(Khilafat, the Successorship of Prophethood – The Guided Khilafat – Khilafat-e-Ahmadiyya )〕 == Overview == The members of the community believe that the Ahmadiyya caliphate (Arabic: ''Khilāfah'') is the resumption of the Rightly Guided Caliphate (Arabic: ''Rāshidūn''). This is believed to have been re-established with the appearance of Ghulam Ahmad whom Ahmadis believe was the promised Messiah and Mahdi. Ahmadis maintain that in accordance with Quranic verses (such as ) and numerous hadith on the issue, ''Khilāfah'' can only be established by God Himself and is a divine blessing given to ''those who believe and work righteousness'' and uphold the unity of God, therefore any movement to establish the ''Khilāfah'' centered around human endeavours alone is bound to fail particularly when the condition of the people diverges from the ‘precepts of prophethood’ and they are as a result disunited, their inability to establish a ''Khilāfah'' caused fundamentally by the lack of righteousness in them. Although the khalifa is elected it is believed that God himself directs the hearts of believers towards an individual. Thus the khalifa is designated neither necessarily by right (i.e. the rightful or competent one in the eyes of the people at that time) nor merely by election but primarily by God.〔http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=1870®ion=E1〕 According to Ahmadiyya thought, it is not essential for a Khalifa to be the head of a state, rather the spiritual and organisational significance of the Khilāfah is emphasised. It is above all a religious/spiritual office, with the purpose to uphold, strengthen and spread Islam and maintain the high moral standards within the global community established by Muhammad who was not merely a political leader but primarily a religious leader. If a khalifa does happen to bear governmental authority as a head of state, it is incidental and subsidiary in relation to his overall function as khalifa which is applicable to believers transnationally and not limited to one particular state or political entity.〔http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Khilafat-e-Rashida.pdf Khilafat-e-Rashidah〕〔http://www.alislam.org/egazette/updates/the-islamic-khilafat-its-rise-fall-and-re-emergence/ The Islamic Khilafat – Its Rise, Fall, and Re-emergence〕 Ahmadi Muslims believe that God has assured them that this Khilāfah will endure to the end of time, depending on their righteousness and faith in God. The Khalifa provides unity, security, moral direction and progress for the community. It is required that the Khalifa carry out his duties through consultation and taking into consideration the views of the members of the ''Shura'' (consultative body). However, it is not incumbent upon him to always accept the views and recommendations of the members. The caliph has overall authority for all religious and organisational matters and is bound to decide and act in accordance with the Qur'an and sunnah. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ahmadiyya Caliphate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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